The intramolecular forces are the chemical bonds that hold atoms together within a compound molecule. A strong chemical bond is formed from the transfer or sharing of electrons between atomic centres and relies on the electrostatic force between the protons in nuclei and the electrons in the orbitals. The types of strong bond differ due to the difference in electronegativity of the constituent elements. A large difference in electronegativity leads to more polar (ionic) character in the bond. The intramolecular forces are also known as the "strong bonds" or "primary bonds" such as covalent bonds, ionic bonds and metallic bonds.
- Covalent Bond
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs, and the stable balance of attractive and repulsive forces between atoms, when they share electrons, is known as covalent bonding.
- Ionic Bond
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds. Ions are atoms (or groups of atoms) with an electrostatic charge. Atoms that gain electrons make negatively charged ions, called anions. Atoms that lose electrons make positively charged ions, called cations. This transfer of electrons is known as electrovalence. In simpler words, an ionic bond results from the transfer of electrons from a molecule with low electronegativity to a molecule with high electronegativity in order to form the opposite charged ions by obtaining a full valence shell for both ions.
- Metallic Bond
Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that rises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons as in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively charged ions (cations).
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